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# JAMB Syllabus for Physics

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JAMB UTME Syllabus for Physics…The aim Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) syllabus in Physics is to prepare the candidates for the Board’s examination. It is designed to test their achievement of the course objectives, which are to:

(1) sustain their interest in physics;
(2) develop attitude relevant to physics that encourage accuracy, precision and objectivity;
(3) interpret physical phenomena, laws, definitions, concepts and other theories;
(4) demonstrate the ability to solve correctly physics problems using relevant theories and concepts.

TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES OBJECTIVES

## 1. MEASUREMENTS AND UNITS

(a) Length, area and volume: Metre rule, Venier calipers Micrometer
Screw-guage, measuring cylinder
(b) Mass
(i) unit of mass
(ii) use of simple beam balance
(iii) concept of beam balance
(c) Time
(i) unit of time
(ii) time-measuring devices
(d) Fundamental physical quantities
(e) Derived physical quantities and their units
(i) Combinations of fundamental quantities and determination of their units
(f) Dimensions
(i) definition of dimensions
(ii) simple examples
(g) Limitations of experimental measurements
(i) accuracy of measuring instruments
(ii) simple estimation of errors.
(iii) significant figures.
(iv) standard form.
(h) Measurement, position, distance and displacement
(i) concept of displacement
(ii) distinction between distance and displacement
(iii) concept of position and coordinates
(iv) frame of reference

Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the units of length, area and volume;
ii. use different measuring instruments;
iii. determine the lengths, surface areas and volume of regular and irregular bodies;
iv. identify the unit of mass;
v. use simple beam balance, e.g Buchart’s balance and chemical balance;
vi. identify the unit of time;
vii. use different time-measuring
devices;
viii. relate the fundamental physical quantities to their units;
ix. deduce the units of derived physical quantities;
x. determine the dimensions of physical quantities;
xi. use the dimensions to determine the units of physical quantities;
xii. test the homogeneity of an equation;
xiii. determine the accuracy of measuring instruments;
xiv. estimate simple errors;
xv. express measurements in standard form.Candidates should be able to:
i. use strings, meter ruler and engineering calipers, vernier calipers and micrometer, screw guage
ii. note the degree of accuracy
iii. identify distance travel in a specified direction
iv. use compass and protractor to locate points/directions
v. use Cartesians systems to locate positions in x-y plane
vi. plot graph and draw inference from the graph.

## 2. Scalars and Vectors

(i) definition of scalar and vector quantities
(ii) examples of scalar and vector quantities
(iii) relative velocity
(iv) resolution of vectors into two perpendicular directions including graphical methods of solution.

Candidates should be able to:
i. distinguish between scalar and vector quantities;
ii. give examples of scalar and vector quantities;
iii. determine the resultant of two or more vectors;
iv. determine relative velocity;
v. resolve vectors into two perpendicular components;
vi. use graphical methods to solve vector problems;

## 3. Motion

(a) Types of motion:
translational, oscillatory, rotational, spin and random
(b) Relative motion
(c) causes of motion
(d) Types of force
(i) contact
(ii) force field
(e) linear motion
(i) speed, velocity and acceleration
(ii) equations of uniformly accelerated motion
(iii) motion under gravity
(iv) distance-time graph and velocity time graph
(v) instantaneous velocity and acceleration.
(f) Projectiles:
(i) calculation of range, maximum height and time of flight from the ground and a height
(ii) applications of projectile motion
(g) Newton’s laws of motion:
(i) inertia, mass and force
(ii) relationship between mass and acceleration
(iii) impulse and momentum
(iv) force – time graph
(v) conservation of linear momentum (Coefficient of restitution not necessary)
(h) Motion in a circle:
(i) angular velocity and angular acceleration
(ii) centripetal and centrifugal forces.
(iii) applications
(i) Simple Harmonic Motion (S.H.M):
(i) definition and explanation of simple harmonic motion
(ii) examples of systems that execute
S.H.M
(iii) period, frequency and amplitude of
S.H.M
(iv) velocity and acceleration of S.H.M
(v) simple treatment of energy change in S.H.M
(vi) force vibration and resonance (simple treatment)
(iii) conservative and non-conservative fields
(iv) acceleration due to gravity
(v) variation of g on the earth’s surface
(iv) distinction between mass and weight
(v) escape velocity
(vi) parking orbit and weightlessness

Candidates should be able to :
i. identify different types of motion ;
ii. solve numerical problem on collinear motion;
iii. identify force as cause of motion;
iv. identify push and pull as form of force
v. identify electric and magnetic attractions, gravitational pull as forms of field forces;
vi. differentiate between speed, velocity and acceleration;
vii.deduce equations of uniformly accelerated motion;
viii. solve problems of motion under gravity;
ix. interpret distance-time graph and velocity-time graph;
x. compute instantaneous velocity and acceleration
xi. establish expressions for the range, maximum height and time of flight of projectiles;
xii. solve problems involving projectile motion;
xiii. solve numerical problems involving impulse and momentum;
xiv. interpretation of area under force – time graph
xv. interpret Newton’s laws of motion;
xvi. compare inertia, mass and force;
xvii. deduce the relationship between mass and acceleration;
xviii. interpret the law of conservation of linear momentum and application
xix. establish expression for angular velocity, angular acceleration and centripetal force;
xx. solve numerical problems involving motion in a circle;
xxi. establish the relationship between period and frequency;
xxii. analyse the energy changes occurring during S.H.M
xxiii. identify different types of forced vibration
xxiv. enumerate applications of resonance.Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the expression for gravitational force between two bodies;
ii. apply Newton’s law of universal gravitation;
iii. give examples of conservative and non-
conservative fields;
iv. deduce the expression for gravitational field potentials;
v. identify the causes of variation of g on the earth’s surface;
vi. differentiate between mass and weight;
vii. determine escape velocity

## 5. Equilibrium of Forces

(a) equilibrium of particles:
(i) equilibrium of coplanar forces
(ii) triangles and polygon of forces
(iii) Lami’s theorem
(b) principles of moments
(i) moment of a force
(ii) simple treatment and moment of a couple (torgue)
(iii) applications
(c) conditions for equilibrium of rigid bodies under the action of parallel and non-parallel forces
(i) resolution and composition of forces in two perpendicular directions,
(ii) resultant and equilibrant
(d) centre of gravity and stability
(i) stable, unstable and neutral equilibra

Candidates should be able to:
i. apply the conditions for the equilibrium of
coplanar forces to solve problems;
ii. use triangle and polygon laws of forces to
solve equilibrium problems;
iii. use Lami’s theorem to solve problems;
iv. analyse the principle of moment of a
force;
v. determine moment of a force and couple;
vi. describe some applications of moment of a force and couple;
vii. apply the conditions for the equilibrium
of rigid bodies to solve problems;
viii. resolve forces into two perpendicular
directions;
ix. determine the resultant and equilibrant
of forces;
x. differentiate between stable, unstable and neutral equilibra.

## 6. (a) Work, Energy and Power

(i) definition of work, energy and power
(ii) forms of energy
(vii) conservation of energy
(iv) qualitative treatment between different
forms of energy
(viii) interpretation of area under the force-distance curve
(b) Energy and society
(i) sources of energy
(ii) renewable and non-renewable energy eg
coal, crude oil etc
(iii) uses of energy
(iv) energy and development
(v) energy diversification
(vi) environmental impact of energy eg global warming, green house effect and spillage
(vii) energy crises
(viii)conversion of energy
(ix) devices used in energy production.
(c) Dams and energy production
(i) location of dams
(ii) energy production
(d) nuclear energy
(e) solar energy
(i) solar collector
(ii) solar panel for energy supply.

Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between work, energy and power;
ii. compare different forms of energy, giving examples;
iii. apply the principle of conservation of energy;
iv. examine the transformation between different
forms of energy;
v. interpret the area under the force -distance curve.
vi. solve numerical problems in work, energy and power.
Candidates should be able to:
i. itemize the sources of energy
ii. distinguish between renewable and non-
renewable energy, examples should be
given
iii. identify methods of energy transition
iv. explain the importance of energy in the development of the society
v. analyze the effect of energy use to the environment
vi. identify the impact of energy on the environment
vii. identify energy sources that are friendly or hazardous to the environment
viii. identify energy uses in their immediate environment
ix. suggests ways of safe energy use
x. state different forms of energy conversion.

## 7. Friction

(i) static and dynamic friction
(ii) coefficient of limiting friction and its determination.
(iii) advantages and disadvantages of friction
(iv) reduction of friction
(v) qualitative treatment of viscosity and
terminal velocity.
(vi) Stoke’s law.

Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between static and dynamic friction
ii.determine the coefficient of limiting friction;
iii.compare the advantages and disadvantages of
friction;
iv. suggest ways by which friction can be reduced;
v. analyse factors that affect viscosity and terminal velocity;
vi. apply Stoke’s law.

## 8. Simple Machines

(i) definition of simple machines
(ii) types of machines
(iii) mechanical advantage, velocity ratio and efficiency of machines

Candidates should be able to:
i. identify different types of simple machines;
ii. solve problems involving simple machines.

## 9. Elasticity

(i) elastic limit, yield point, breaking point, Hooke’s law and Young’s modulus
(ii) the spring balance as a device for measuring force
(iii.) work done per unit volume in springs and elastic strings
(i) work done per unit volume in springs and elastic strings.

Candidates should be able to:
i. interpret force-extension curves;
ii. interpret Hooke’s law and Young’s modulus of a material;
iii use spring balance to measure force;
iv. determine the work done in spring and elastic strings

## 10. Pressure

(a) Atmospheric Pressure
(i) definition of atmospheric pressure
(ii) units of pressure (S.I) units (Pa)
(iii) measurement of pressure
(iv) simple mercury barometer,
aneroid barometer and manometer.
(v) variation of pressure with height
(vi) the use of barometer as an altimeter.
(b) Pressure in liquids
(i) the relationship between pressure, depth and density (P = ?gh)
(ii) transmission of pressure in liquids (Pascal’s Principle)
(iii) application

Candidates should be able to:
i. recognize the S.I units of pressure; (Pa)
ii. identify pressure measuring instruments;
iii. relate the variation of pressure to height;
iv. use a barometer as an altimeter.
v. determine the relationship between pressure,
depth and density;
vi apply the principle of transmission of pressure
in liquids to solve problems;
vii. determine and apply the principle of pressure in liquid;

## 11. Liquids At Rest

(i) determination of density of solids and liquids
(ii) definition of relative density
(iii) upthrust on a body immersed in a liquid
(iv) Archimede’s principle and law of floatation and applications, e.g. ships and hydrometers.

Candidates should be able to:
i. distinguish between density and relative density of substances;
ii. determine the upthrust on a body immersed in a liquid
iii. apply Archimedes’ principle and law of
floatation to solve problems

## 12. Temperature and Its Measurement

(i) concept of temperature
(ii) thermometric properties
(iii) calibration of thermometers
(iv) temperature scales -Celsius and Kelvin.
(v) types of thermometers
(vi) conversion from one scale of temperature to another

Candidates should be able to:
i. identify thermometric properties of materials that are used for different thermometers;
ii. calibrate thermometers;
iii. differentiate between temperature scales e.g
Celsius and Kelvin.
iv. compare the types of thermometers;
vi. convert from one scale of temperature to
another.

## 13. Thermal Expansion

(a) Solids
(i) definition and determination of linear, volume and area expansivities
(ii) effects and applications, e.g. expansion in building strips and railway lines
(iii) relationship between different expansivities
(b) Liquids
(i) volume expansivity
(ii) real and apparent expansivities
(iii) determination of volume expansivity
(iv) anomalous expansion of water

Candidates should be able to:
i. determine linear and volume expansivities;
ii. assess the effects and applications of thermal expansivities
iii. determine the relationship between different expansivities.
iv. determine volume, apparent, and real
expansivities of liquids;
v. analyse the anomalous expansion of water.

## 14. Gas Laws

(i) Boyle’s law (isothermal process)
(ii) Charle’s law (isobaric process)
(iii) Pressure law (volumetric process
(iv) absolute zero of temperature
(v) general gas quation
($$\frac{PV}{T}$$ = constant )
(vi) ideal gas equation
Eg Pv = nRT
(vii) Van der waal gas

Candidates should be able to:
i. interpret the gas laws;
ii. use expression of these laws to solve numerical problems.
iii. interprete Van der waal equation for one mole of a real gas

## 15. Quantity of Heat

(i) heat as a form of energy
(ii) definition of heat capacity and specific heat capacity of solids and liquids
(iii) determination of heat capacity and specific heat capacity of substances by simple methods e.g method of mixtures and electrical method and Newton’s law of cooling

Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between heat capacity and specific heat capacity;
ii. determine heat capacity and specific heat
capacity using simple methods;
iii. solve numerical problems.

## 16. Change of State

(i) latent heat
(ii) specific latent heats of fusion and vaporization;
(iii) melting, evaporation and boiling
(iv) the influence of pressure and of dissolved substances on boiling and melting points.
(ii) application in appliances

Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between latent heat and specific latent heats of fusion and vaporization;
ii. differentiate between melting, evaporation and boiling;
iii. examine the effects of pressure and of dissolved substance on boiling and melting points.
iv. solve numerical problems

## 17. Vapours

(i) unsaturated and saturated vapours
(ii) relationship between saturated vapour pressure (S.V.P) and boiling
(iii) determination of S.V.P by barometer tube method
(iv) formation of dew, mist, fog, and rain
(v) study of dew point, humidity and relative humidity
(vi) hygrometry; estimation of the humidity of the atmosphere using wet and dry bulb hygrometers.

Candidates should be able to:
i. distinguish between saturated and unsaturated
vapours;
ii. relate saturated vapour pressure to boiling point;
iii. determine S.V.P by barometer tube method
iv. differentiate between dew point, humidity and
relative humidity;
vi. estimate the humidity of the atmosphere using wet and dry bulb hygrometers.
vii. solve numerical problems

## 18. Structure of Matter and Kinetic Theory

(a) Molecular nature of matter
(i) atoms and molecules
(ii) molecular theory: explanation of Brownian motion, diffusion, surface tension, capillarity, adhesion, cohesion and angles of contact etc
(iii) examples and applications.
(b) Kinetic Theory
(i) assumptions of the kinetic theory
(ii) using the theory to explain the pressure exerted by gas, Boyle’s law, Charles’ law, melting, boiling, vapourization, change in temperature, evaporation, etc.

Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between atoms and molecules;
ii. use molecular theory to explain Brownian
motion , diffusion, surface, tension, capillarity, adhesion, cohesion and angle of contact;
iii. examine the assumptions of kinetic theory;
iv. interpret kinetic theory, the pressure exerted by
gases Boyle’s law, Charle’s law melting,boiling vaporization, change in temperature,
evaporation, etc.

## 19. Heat Transfer

(i) conduction, convection and radiation as modes of heat transfer
(ii) temperature gradient, thermal conductivity and heat flux
(iii) effect of the nature of the surface on the energy radiated and absorbed by it.
(iv) the conductivities of common materials.
(v) the thermos flask
(vii) land and sea breeze
(viii) engines

Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between conduction, convection and radiation as modes of heat transfer;
ii. solve problems on temperature gradient, thermal
conductivity and heat flux;
iii. assess the effect of the nature of the surface on the energy radiated and absorbed by it;
iv. compare the conductivities of common
materials;
v. relate the component part of the working of the thermos flask;
vi. differentiate between land and sea breeze.
vii. to analyse the principles of operating internal combustion jet engines, rockets

## 20. Waves

(a) Production and Propagation
(i) wave motion,
(ii) vibrating systems as source of waves
(iii) waves as mode of energy transfer
(iv) distinction between particle motion and wave motion
(v) relationship between frequency, wavelength and wave velocity $$(V = f \lambda)$$
(vi) phase difference, wave number and wave vector
(vii) progressive wave equation e.g
Y = A Sin $$\frac{2\pi}{\lambda}(vt \pm X)$$

(b) Classification
(i) types of waves; mechanical and electromagnetic waves
(ii) longitudinal and transverse waves
(iii) stationary and progressive waves
(iv) examples of waves from springs, ropes, stretched strings and the ripple tank.

(c) Characteristics/Properties
(i) reflection, refraction, diffraction and plane Polarization
(ii) superposition of waves e.g interference
(iii) beats
(iv) doppler effects (qualitative treatment only)

Candidates should be able to:
i. interpret wave motion;
ii. identify vibrating systems as sources of waves;
iii use waves as a mode of energy transfer;
iv distinguish between particle motion and wave
motion;
v. relate frequency and wave length to wave
velocity;
vi. determine phase difference, wave number and wave vector
vii. use the progressive wave equation to compute basic wave parameters;
viii. differentiate between mechanical and
electromagnetic waves;
ix. differentiate between longitudinal and
transverse waves
x. distinguish between stationary and progressive waves;
xi. indicate the example of waves generated from springs, ropes, stretched strings and the ripple tank;
vii. differentiate between reflection, refraction, diffraction and plane polarization of waves;
viii. analyse the principle of superposition of waves.
ix. solve numerical problems on waves
x. explain the phenomenon of beat, beat frequency and uses
xi. explain Doppler effect of sound and application

## 21. Propagation of Sound Waves

(i) the necessity for a material medium
(ii) speed of sound in solids, liquids and air;
(iii) reflection of sound; echoes, reverberation and their applications
(iv) disadvantages of echoes and reverberations

Candidates should be able to:
i. determine the need for a material medium in the
propagation of sound waves;
ii. compare the speed of sound in solids, liquids and air;
iii. relate the effects of temperature and pressure to the speed of sound in air;
iv. solve problem on echoes, reverberation and speed
iv. compare the disadvantages and advantages of echoes.
vi. solve problems on echo, reverberation and speed of sound

## 22. Characteristics of Sound Waves

(i) noise and musical notes
(ii) quality, pitch, intensity and loudness and their application to musical instruments;
(iii) simple treatment of overtones produced by vibrating strings and their columns
$$F_o = \frac{1}{2L} \sqrt{ T \over \mu} (\mu = m/l)$$
(iv) acoustic examples of resonance
(v) frequency of a note emitted by air columns in closed and open pipes in relation to their lengths.

Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between noise and musical notes;
ii. analyse quality, pitch, intensity and loudness of sound notes;
iii. evaluate the application of (ii) above in the construction of musical instruments;
iv. identify overtones by vibrating stings and air columns;
v. itemize acoustical examples of resonance;
vi. determine the frequencies of notes emitted by air columns in open and closed pipes in relation to their lengths.

## 23. Light Energy

(a) Sources of Light:
(i) natural and artificial sources of light
(ii) luminous and non-luminous objects

(b) Propagation of light
(i) speed, frequency and wavelength of light
(ii) formation of shadows and eclipse
(iii) the pin-hole camera.

Candidates should be able to:
i. compare the natural and artificial sources of light;
ii. differentiate between luminous and non
luminous objects;
iii. relate the speed, frequency and wavelength of
light;
iv. interpret the formation of shadows and eclipses;
v. solve problems using the principle of operation of a pin-hole camera.

## 24. Reflection of Light at Plane and Curved Surfaces

(i) laws of reflection.
(ii) application of reflection of light
(iii) formation of images by plane, concave and convex mirrors and ray diagrams
(iii) use of the mirror formula

$${1 \over f} = {1 \over u} + {1 \over v}$$

(v) linear magnification

Candidates should be able to:
i. compare the natural and artificial sources of light;
ii. differentiate between luminous and non luminous objects;
iii. relate the speed, frequency and wavelength of light;
iv. interpret the formation of shadows and eclipses;
v. solve problems using the principle of operation of a pin-hole camera.

## 25. Refraction of Light Through at Plane and Curved Surfaces

(i) explanation of refraction in terms of velocity of light in the media.
(ii) laws of refraction
(iii) definition of refractive index of a medium
(iv) determination of refractive index of glass and liquid using Snell’s law
(v) real and apparent depth and lateral displacement
(vi) critical angle and total internal reflection
(b) Glass Prism
(i) use of the minimum deviation formula

$$U = \frac{sin\left [ \frac{A + D}{2} \right ]}{sin\left [ \frac{A}{2} \right ]}$$

(ii) type of lenses
(iii) use of lens formula

$${1 \over f} = {1 \over u} + {1 \over v}$$ and Newton’s formular (F2 = ab)
(iv) magnification

Candidates should be able to:
i. interpret the laws of reflection;
ii. illustrate the formation of images by plane,
concave and convex mirrors;
iii. apply the mirror formula to solve optical
problems;
iv. determine the linear magnification;
v. apply the laws of reflection of light to the working of periscope, kaleidoscope
and the sextant.
Candidates should be able to:
i. interpret the laws of reflection;
ii. determine the refractive index of glass and liquid using Snell’s law;
iii. determine the refractive index using the
principle of real and apparent depth;
iv. determine the conditions necessary for total internal reflection;
v. examine the use of periscope, prism, binoculars, optical fibre;
vi. apply the principles of total internal reflection to the formation of mirage;
vii. use of lens formula and ray diagrams to solve optical numerical problems;
viii. determine the magnification of an image;
ix. calculate the refractive index of a glass prism using minimum deviation formula.

## 26. Optical Instruments

(i) the principles of microscopes, telescopes,
projectors, cameras and the human eye
(physiological details of the eye are not required)
(ii) power of a lens
(iii) angular magnification
(iv) near and far points
(v) sight defects and their corrections

Candidates should be able to:
i. apply the principles of operation of optical
instruments to solve problems;
ii. distinguish between the human eye and the cameras;
iii. calculate the power of a lens;
iv. evaluate the angular magnification of optical instruments;
v. determine the near and far points;
vi. detect sight defects and their corrections.

## 27. (a) dispersion of light and colours

(i) dispersion of white light by a triangular prism
(ii) production of pure spectrum
(iii) colour mixing by addition and subtraction
(iv) colour of objects and colour filters
(v)rainbow

(b)electgromagnetic spectrum
(i) description of sources and uses of various types of radiation.

Candidates should be able to:
i. identify primary colours and obtain secondary
colours by mixing;
ii. understand the formation of rainbow
iii. deduces why objects have colours;
iv. relate the expression for gravitational force between two bodies;
v. apply Newton’s law of universal gravitation;
vi. analyse colours using colour filters
vii. analyse the electromagnetic spectrum in relation to their wavelengths, sources, detection and uses

## 28. Electrostatics

(i) existence of positive and negative charges in matter
(ii) charging a body by friction, contact and induction
(iii) electroscope
(iv) Coulomb’s inverse square law, electric field and potential
(v) electric field intensity and potential difference
(vi) electric discharge and lightning

Candidates should be able to:
i. identify charges;
ii. examine uses of an electroscope;
iii. apply Coulomb’s square law of electrostatics to solve problems;
iv. deduce expressions for electric field intensity and potential difference;
v. identify electric field flux patterns of isolated and interacting charges;
vi. analyse the distribution of charges on a
conductor and how it is used in lightening conductors.

## 29. Capacitors

(i) Types and functions of capacitors
(ii) parallel plate capacitors
(iii) capacitance of a capacitor
(iv) the relationship between capacitance, area separation of plates and medium between the plates.
$$C = {EA \over d}$$
(v) capacitors in series and parallel
(vi) energy stored in a capacitor

Candidates should be able to:
i. determine uses of capacitors;
ii. analyse parallel plate capacitors;
iii. determine the capacitance of a capacitor;
iv. analyse the factors that affect the capacitance of a capacitor;
v. solve problems involving the arrangement of capacitor;
vi. determine the energy stored in capacitors

## 30. Electric Cells

(i) simple voltaic cell and its defects;
(ii) Daniel cell, Leclanche cell (wet and dry)
(iii) lead -acid accumulator and Nickel-Iron (Nife) Lithium lron and Mercury cadmium
(iv) maintenance of cells and batteries (detail
treatment of the chemistry of a cell is not
required
(v) arrangement of cells
(vi) Efficiency of a cell

Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the defects of the simple voltaic cell and their correction
ii. compare different types of cells including solar cell;
iii. compare the advantages of lead-acid and Nikel iron accumulator;
iv. solve problems involving series and parallel combination of cells.

## 31. Current Electricity

(i) electromagnetic force (emf), potential difference (p.d.), current, internal resistance of a cell and lost Volt
(ii) Ohm’s law
(iii) measurement of resistance
(iv) meter bridge
(v) resistance in series and in parallel and their combination
(vi) the potentiometer method of measuring emf, current and internal resistance of a cell.
(v) electrical networks

Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between emf, p.d., current and internal resistant of a cell;
ii. apply Ohm’s law to solve problems;
iii. use metre bridge to calculate resistance;
iv. compute effective total resistance of both parallel and series arrangement of resistors;
v. determine the resistivity and the conductivity of a conductor;
vi. measure emf. current and internal resistance of a cell using the potentiometer.
vii. identify the advantages of the potentiometer
viii. apply kirchoff’s law in electrical networks

## 32. Electrical Energy and Power

(i) concepts of electrical energy and power
(ii) commercial unit of electric energy and power
(iii) electric power transmission
(v) heating effects of electric current.
(vi) electrical wiring of houses
(vii) use of fuses

Candidates should be able to:
i. apply the expressions of electrical energy and power to solve problems;
ii. analyse how power is transmitted from the power station to the consumer;
iii. identify the heating effects of current and its uses;
iv. identify the advantages of parallel arrangement over series
v. determine the fuse rating

## 33. Magnets and Magnetic Fields

(i) natural and artificial magnets
(ii) magnetic properties of soft iron and steel
(iii) methods of making magnets and demagnetization
(iv) concept of magnetic field
(v) magnetic field of a permanent magnet
(vi) magnetic field round a straight current carrying conductor, circular wire and solenoid
(vii) properties of the earth’s magnetic field; north and south poles, magnetic meridian and angle of dip and declination
(viii) flux and flux density
(ix) variation of magnetic field intensity over the earth’s surface
(x) applications: earth’s magnetic field in navigation and mineral exploration.

Candidates should be able to:
i. give examples of natural and artificial magnets
ii. differentiate between the magnetic properties of soft iron and steel;
iii. identify the various methods of making magnets and demagnetizing magnets;
iv. describe how to keep a magnet from losing its magnetism;
v. determine the flux pattern exhibited when two magnets are placed together pole to pole;
vi. determine the flux of a current carrying conductor, circular wire and solenoid including the polarity of the solenoid;
vii. determine the flux pattern of a magnet placed in the earth’s magnetic fields;
viii. identify the magnetic elements of the earth’s flux;
ix. determine the variation of earth’s magnetic
field on the earth’s surface;
x. examine the applications of the earth’s magnetic
field.

## 34. Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor in a Magnetic Field

(i) quantitative treatment of force between two parallel current-carrying conductors
(ii) force on a charge moving in a magnetic field;
(iii) the d. c. motor
(iv) electromagnets
(v) carbon microphone
(vi) moving coil and moving iron instruments
(vii) conversion of galvanometers to ammeters and voltmeter using shunts and multipliers
(viii) sensitivity of a galvanometer

Candidates should be able to:
i. determine the direction of force on a current carrying conductor using Fleming’s left-hand rule;
ii. interpret the attractive and repulsive forces
between two parallel current-carrying
conductors using diagrams;
iii. determine the relationship between the force, magnetic field strength, velocity and the angle through which the charge enters the field;
iv. interpret the working of the d. c. motor;
v. analyse the principle of electromagnets and give examples of its application;
vi. compare moving iron and moving coil
instruments;
vii. convert a galvanometer into an ammeter or a voltmeter.
viii. identify the factors affecting the sensitivity of a galvanometer

## 35. (a) Electromagnetic Induction

(i) Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction
(ii) factors affecting induced emf
(iii) Lenz’s law as an illustration of the principle of conservation of energy
(iv) a.c. and d.c generators
(v) transformers
(vi) the induction coil
(b) Inductance
(i) explanation of inductance
(ii) unit of inductance
(iii) energy stored in an inductor
$$E = {1 \over 2} I^2 L$$
(iv) application/uses of inductors
(ix) Eddy Current
(i) reduction of eddy current
(ii) applications of eddy current

Candidates should be able to:
i. interpret the laws of electromagnetic induction;
ii. identify factors affecting induced emf;
iii. recognize how Lenz’s law illustrates the principle of conservation of energy;
iv. interpret the diagrammatic set up of A. C. generators;
v. identify the types of transformer;
vi. examine principles of operation of transformers;
vii. assess the functions of an induction coil;
viii. draw some conclusions from the principles of operation of an induction coil;
ix. interpret the inductance of an inductor;
x. recognize units of inductance;
xi. calculate the effective total inductance in series and parallel arrangement;
xii. deduce the expression for the energy stored in an inductor;
xiii. examine the applications of inductors;
xiv. describe the method by which eddy current losses can be reduced.
xv. determine ways by which eddy currents can be used.

## 36. Simple A. C. Circuits

(i) explanation of a.c. current and voltage
(ii) peak and r.m.s. values
(iii) a.c. source connected to a resistor;
(iv) a.c source connected to a capacitor- capacitive reactance
(v) a.c source connected to an inductor inductive reactance
(vi) series R-L-C circuits
(vii) vector diagram, phase angle and power factor
(viii) resistance and impedance
(ix) effective voltage in an R-L-C circuits
(x) resonance and resonance frequency
$$F_o = \frac{1}{2\pi\sqrt{LC}}$$

Candidates should be able to:
i. identify a.c. current and d.c. voltage
ii. differentiate between the peak and r.m.s. values of a.c.;
iii. determine the phase difference between current and voltage
iv. interpret series R-L-C circuits;
v. analyse vector diagrams;
vi. calculate the effective voltage, reactance and impedance;
vii. recognize the condition by which the circuit is at resonance;
viii. determine the resonant frequency of
R-L-C arrangement;
ix. determine the instantaneous power, average power and the power factor in a. c. circuits

## 37. Conduction of Electricity Through;

(a) liquids
(i) electrolytes and non-electrolyte
(ii) concept of electrolysis
(iii) Faraday’s laws of electrolysis
(iv) application of electrolysis, e.g electroplating, calibration of ammeter etc.

(b) gases
(i) discharge through gases (qualitative treatment only)
(ii) application of conduction of electricity through gases

Candidates should be able to:
i. distinguish between electrolytes and non-electrolytes;
ii. analyse the processes of electrolysis
iii. apply Faraday’s laws of electrolysis to solve problems;
iv. analyse discharge through gases;
v. determine some applications/uses of conduction of electricity through gases.

## 38. Elementary Modern Physics

(i) models of the atom and their limitations
(ii) elementary structure of the atom;
(iii) energy levels and spectra
(iv) thermionic and photoelectric emissions;
(v) Einstein’s equation and stopping potential
(vi) applications of thermionic emissions and
photoelectric effects
(vii) simple method of production of x-rays
(viii) properties and applications of alpha, beta and gamma rays
(xiii) half-life and decay constant
(xiv) simple ideas of production of energy by fusion and fission
(xv) binding energy, mass defect and Einstein’s Energy equation
$$[\Delta E = \Delta MC^2]$$
(xvi) wave-particle paradox (duality of matter)
(xvii) electron diffraction
(xviii) the uncertainty principle

Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the models of the atom and write their limitations;
ii. describe elementary structure of the atom;
iii. differentiate between the energy levels and spectra of atoms;
iv. compare thermionic emission and photoelectric emission;
v. apply Einstein’s equation to solve problems of photoelectric effect.
vi. calculate the stopping potential;
vii. relate some application of thermionic emission and photoelectric effects;
viii. interpret the process involved in the
production of x-rays.
ix identify some properties and applications of x-rays
x. analyse elementary radioactivity
xi. distinguish between stable and unstable
nuclei;
xii. identify isotopes of an element;
xiii. compare the properties of alpha, beta and gamma rays;
xiv. relate half-life and decay constant of a
radioactive element;
xv. determine the binding energy, mass defect and Einstein’s energy equation;
xvi. analyse wave particle duality;
xvii. solve some numerical problems based on the uncertainty principle and wave – particle duality

## 39. Introductory Electronics

(i) distinction between metals, semiconductors and insulators (elementary knowledge of band gap is required)
(ii) intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors;
(iii) uses of semiconductors and diodes in rectification and transistors in amplification
(iv) n-type and p-type semiconductors
(v) elementary knowledge of diodes and transistors

Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between conductors, semi-
conductors and insulators;
ii. distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors;
iii. distinguish between electron and hole carriers;
iv. distinguish between n-type and p-type
semiconductor;
v. analyse diodes and transistor
vi. relate diodes to rectification and transistor to amplification.

## RECOMMENDED TEXTS

Ike E.E (2014) Essential Principles of Physics, Jos ENIC publishers

Ike E.E (2014) Numerical Problems and Solutions in Physics, Jos ENIC publishers

Nelson M. (1977) Fundamentals of Physics, Great Britain, Hart Davis Education

Nelson M. and Parker … (1989) Advance Level Physics, (Sixth Edition) Heinemann

Okeke P.N and Anyakoha M.W. (2000) Senior Secondary School Physics, Lagos, Pacific Printers

Olumuyionwa A. and Ogunkoya O. O (1992) Comprehensive Certificate Physics, Ibadan: University Press Plc.

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# FUD Post UTME/Direct Entry Admission Form 2019/2020

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The candidate seeking for admission into, The Federal University, Dutse, Jigawa State (FUD) Post UTME Admission Screening Form, for the 2019/2020 Academic Session are to Check courses, cut off mark, requirement and How to apply

This is to inform the candidates that seek for admission into the Federal University, Dutse, as 1st Choice 2019/2020 to check method of application and course requirement guideline and get fully prepared for The Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME). also Direct Entry Click here for FUD Post UTME Past Questions and Answers

FUD Post UTME Minimum Cut-off Mark is 160

Also advice to check:  FUD Departmental Cut-off Marks

Please if your first choice institution is FUD and you did not make the above stated cut off mark, I will also advise you to change your Institution to another school that you are qualified.

Pleas Note! Currently, FUD Post UTME Admission Exercise for 2019 is yet to commence. Will you like to know immediately the form is out? Bookmark this page regularly and Keep Checking Back.

Meanwhile Check how FUD Conducted 2018/2019 Admission

FUDutse Post-UTME/DE registration, cut-off mark, eligibility, screening dates, application cost, deadline for 2018/2019 academic session have been announced. Cut-off mark is from 160 and above. Deadline is 5th August, 2018. Screening Holds 13-18th August, 2018. Details below;

ELIGIBILITY

Only candidates who have met the following requirements are eligible to participate in the exercise.

1. Candidates must have chosen Federal University Dutse as First Choice and scored a minimum of 160 points and above in the 2018 UTME or applied for Direct Entry (DE). CLICK HERE to see departmental cut-off marks
2. Must have registered in Federal University Dutse Post UTME Portal.
3. Must have obtained minimum of five (5) relevant credit passes including English Language and Mathematics in SSCE (or its equivalent) is not more than two sittings for both UTME and Direct Entry (DE) candidates.
4. Must have possessed 2018 UTME result slip.
5. Must have obtained at least Lower Credit at National Diploma (ND) in a relevant course, and minimum of eight (8points with relevant subject combination at NCE and IJMB for Direct Entry (DE) admission

Eligible UTME and DE candidates should Register and make Payment Online and attend the Post UTME Aptitude Test/Screening at Federal University DutseCampus based on the timetable for the respective programmes.

The schedule of the online Registration/Payment and the Post UTME Aptitude Test/Screening which will be conducted on Computer Based Test (CBT) platform are as follows:

Online Registration and Payment

The online Registration/Payment portal would be opened on Monday, 30thJuly, 2018 and close on Sunday, 5th August, 2018 at 12 midnight.

Post UTME Aptitude Test

The Post UTME Aptitude Test for UTME candidates will commence on Monday, 13th August, 2018 and end on Saturday, 18th August, 2018 at the University Campus.

NOTE that Date and Time to report for the Aptitude Test will be indicated on the Examination slip of each candidate upon successful completion of the online Registration/Payment.

Direct Entry (DE) Screening

Direct Entry (DE) candidates are exempted from the aptitude test but would come for Screening from Wednesday, 8th to Saturday, 11th August, 2018. They should report to the respective Faculties/Departments of their chosen courses in the University Campus on a date convenient to them within the scheduled four (4) days of the exercise (8th – 11th August, 2018).

REGISTRATION/PAYMENT PROCEDURE

1. Candidates are to log into the Federal University Dutse PUTME Portal-http://putme.fud.edu.ng or through the link on the University website to register online for the post UTME exercise.
2. Candidates should login using their JAMB/DE Registration Number.
3. Candidates should update their Date of BirthEmailPhone NumberStateG.A.
4. Candidates should Generate Invoice + Remita Retrieval Reference (RRR) Number
5. Use the RRR Number to pay N 2,000 Post UTME charges, using any acceptable debit card, or pay at any Commercial Bank nationwide, including FUD Microfinance Bank.
6. Candidates should verify their payment using the Verify button at the navigationbar
7. Candidates should select appropriate Subject Combinations which must be relevant to their Course of choice to write the aptitude test.
8. Candidates should update their WAEC/NECO/NABTEB results (not more than two sittings) as well as A ‘Level
9. Scan and Upload genuine and authentic copy of WAEC/NECO/NABTEB/A’Level results and recent passport photograph.
10. Print Examination Slip.

REQUIRED DOCUMENTS FOR POST-UTME APTITUDE TEST/SCREENING

1. UTME Candidates should come to the Aptitude Test Venue with Evidence of Payment (Remita Receipt), and Examination Slip.
2. Direct Entry (DE) candidates should report to the Screening Venues at the Faculties/Departments with Evidence of Payment (Remita Receipt), Acknowledgement Slip and original copies of academic credentials.

Any UTME and DE Candidate who fails to appear for the Aptitude Test/Screening exercise on the dates indicated above will not be considered for admission into the University during the 2018/2019 session.

Signed

Bukar Usman, FCIA

REGISTRAR

Candidates who fail to comply with the stipulated guidelines and procedure for the Online Screening would be disqualified!

Are You Preparing for Post UTME Examination?  Click HERE

Check Departmental Cut-off Marks In various Institution We Appreciate your opinion and we look forward to it. Hence, if you need us to feed you with more updated information at the right time about Post UTME Screening form, kindly provide us your phone number and email Address in the comment box below. See

See: JAMB Post-UTME Cut off Marks. Meanwhile, do not forget Best School News will be there for you all through the journey. So ensure you visit regularly for updates regarding the Admission exercise. Check List of School to Get Post UTME Past Questions and Solution

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# FUTO Post UTME Admission Form 2019/2020 – How to Apply

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The candidate seeking for admission into, The Federal University of Technology, Owerri, (FUTO) Post UTME Admission Screening Form, for the 2019/2020 Academic Session to Check courses, cut off mark, requirement and How to apply

This is to inform the candidates that seek for admission into the Federal University of Technology, Owerri as 1st Choice 2019/2020 to check method of application and course requirement guideline and get fully prepared for The Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME)

FUTO Post UTME Minimum Cut-off Mark is 180

Recommended Links:

Please if your first choice institution is FUTO and you did not make the above stated cut off mark, I will also advise you to change your Institution to another school that you are qualified.

## FUTO Post UTME Eligibility.

Candidates who chose Federal University of Technology, Owerri as First Choice University in the 2018 Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) are hereby invited to apply for an aptitude test, provided such candidates scored a minimum of 180 in their UTME.  Those who did not choose FUTO as First Choice University but scored a minimum of 180 in their UTME can also apply on the condition that they visit the JAMB website for a change of Institution.

## FUTO POST UTME METHOD OF APPLICATION.

1. To apply, follow the steps outlined below:
1. Visit the University website: futo.edu.ng
2. Click on Prospective students.
3. Click on the link; “2018/2019 POST-UTME Application”.
4. Enter your JAMB Registration Number to generate Payment Invoice containing the Remita Retrieval Reference Number (RRR).
5. Proceed to any Bank with the payment invoice OR simply pay with your ATM Card.
6. Return to the Application page and enter your JAMB Registration number again.
7. Proceed with the completion of the form.
8. Correctly enter your O’Level results.
9. Confirm your entries.
10. Submit your application.
11. Print out your acknowledgement slip.
12. Await further communication from the University.

Eligible candidates would be required to pay a processing fee of Two Thousand Naira (N2,000.00).

Duration of the Aptitude Test

The Aptitude Test will hold from Monday, July 23, 2018, to Saturday, July 28, 2018.  The specific time and date for individual candidates would be communicated in due course.

Note:

1. You must enter a valid mobile number and e-mail address for further communications.
2. Those who fail to register within the period WILL NOT be qualified for the Aptitude Test.
3. Any candidate who fails to successfully submit his application online would automatically lose his/her chance of being considered for admission.

For support, contact:

E-Mail:       ict@futo.edu.ng
Hotline:     08139833300

Are You Preparing for Post UTME Examination?  Click HERE

Check Departmental Cut-off Marks In various Institution We Appreciate your opinion and we look forward to it. Hence, if you need us to feed you with more updated information at the right time about Post UTME Screening form, kindly provide us your phone number and email Address in the comment box below. See

See: JAMB Post-UTME Cut off Marks. Meanwhile, do not forget Best School News will be there for you all through the journey. So ensure you visit regularly for updates regarding the Admission exercise. Check List of School to Get Post UTME Past Questions and Solution

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# FUKashere Post UTME/Direct Entry Admission Form 2019/2020 – How to Apply

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The candidate seeking for admission into, The Federal University, Kashere, Gombe State (FUKashere) Post UTME Admission Screening Form, for the 2019/2020 Academic Session, are to Check courses, cut off mark, requirement and How to apply

This is to inform the that seek for admission into the Federal University, Kashere, Gombe State, as 1st Choice 2019/2020 to check method of application and course requirement guideline and get fully prepared for The Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME). also Direct Entry. Check FUKashere Post UTME Past Questions and Answers

FUKashere Post UTME Minimum Cut-off Mark is 170

Also advice to check:  FUKashere Departmental Cut-off Marks

Please if your first choice institution is FUKashere and you did not make the above stated cut off mark, I will also advise you to change your Institution to another school that you are qualified.

Pleas Note! Currently, FUKashere Post UTME Admission Exercise for 2019 is yet to commence. Will you like to know immediately the form is out? Bookmark this page regularly and Keep Checking Back.

Meanwhile Check how FUKashere Conducted 2018/2019 Admission

## FUKASHERE Post UTME/DE Screening Eligibility & Requirements.

Candidates who choose Federal University, Kashere as most preferred (1st choice) in the 2018 UTME and scored a minimum of 170 points and DE candidates with Credit/Merit pass in National Diploma, Recognized Diploma, NCE or IJMB in relevant areas from recognized tertiary institutions.

## FUKASHERE Post UTME/DE Screening Schedule & Requirements.

Physical screening at various Faculties of the University – August 6th to 17th, 2018

Candidates who possessed the above mentioned requirements are eligible to present themselves with the following documents at the venue of the screening:

i.          Original and photocopies of their credentials,
ii.         One passport size photograph,
iii.        Scratch card(s) for verification of ‘O’ Level results,
iv         Evidence of  payment of Post UTME/DE non refundable screening fee
v.         Downloaded/printed online screening registration form.

Physical screening at various Faculties of the University as follows;

Faculty of Humanities, management And Social Sciences

Mon 6th – Wed 8th August, 2018
Time: 9:00am daily
Venue: Board Room, Faculty of Humanities, management And Social Sciences

Faculty of Agriculture

Thurs. 9th And Friday 10th August, 2018
Time: 9:00 am Daily
Venue: Board Room, Faculty of Science

Faculty of Science

Mon 13th to Wed 15th August, 2018
Time: 9:00am Daily
Venue: Board Room, Faculty of Science

Faculty of Education

Thurs. 16th And Fri 17th August, 2018
Time: 9:00am Daily
Venue: Board Room, Faculty of Humanities, Management And Social Sciences

## How to Apply for FUKASHERE Post UTME/DE Screening .

• Log on to and click on 2018/2019 Post-UTME Screening form
• Follow and fill the details as displayed
• Upload the filled form
• Pay the sum of N2000 non-refundable screening fee in favour of the Federal University Kashere through Remita by following the guidelines on the University’s website

Closing Date: 29th July, 2018.

Are You Preparing for Post UTME Examination?  Click HERE

Check Departmental Cut-off Marks In various Institution We Appreciate your opinion and we look forward to it. Hence, if you need us to feed you with more updated information at the right time about Post UTME Screening form, kindly provide us your phone number and email Address in the comment box below. See

See: JAMB Post-UTME Cut off Marks. Meanwhile, do not forget Best School News will be there for you all through the journey. So ensure you visit regularly for updates regarding the Admission exercise. Check List of School to Get Post UTME Past Questions and Solution

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